光环叠加:中国科学精英的生成机制     

周光礼  罗睿 《教育研究》2021,42(10):138-153

任何国家的学术系统都是分层的,根据名望和影响力对学者进行等级区分是一种普遍现象.在中国学术系统中,院士是位居金字塔塔尖的精英群体.无论在科学家的心目中,还是在一般公众的观念上,院士都是国内最具权威、最具声望、最具影响力的人才头衔.中国科学精英的生成过程是一个光环叠加的过程.一方面,精英人才通过对优质教育与科研资源的获取不断进行学术产出和科研能力等资本的累积.另一方面,在"马太效应"的作用机制下,机构的声望、名师效应、海外留学与科研经历、行政任职等因素也在其成长过程中产生不可忽视的影响.  相似文献   

仪式、本位、异化:近代中国学校运动会的历史演变与价值观变迁          下载免费PDF全文

周亚婷 《体育科研》2020,(6):52-57

运用文献资料和逻辑分析等方法，结合不同时代背景，对中国近代学校运动会的历史演变进行分析与讨论。结果认为：近代中国学校运动会经历了从仪式到本位、再到异化的历史演变过程；伴随这一过程，国人对学校运动会的功能理解，也经历了从泛化到专门化再到单一化的心路历程。根据以上历史的梳理，总结出对当代学校运动会的启示：第一，不断挖掘运动会的文化内涵，将其视为学校教育的重要组成部分；第二，以学校运动会为平台，推动校园精神文化建设；第三，拓宽学校运动会的内容与形式，加强家庭、学校、社会之间的联动。  相似文献   

From structure to function: unveiling the structure of the Nav channel–toxin complex     

Zhuan Zhou  Zuying Chai  Changhe Wang 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2019,6(5):859

  相似文献   

唐诗知识图谱的构建及其智能知识服务设计   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

周莉娜  洪亮  高子阳 《图书情报工作》2019,63(2):24-33

[目的/意义]立足于当前大数据环境下的唐诗知识服务需求，以大规模唐诗数据为基础构建唐诗知识图谱并提供智能知识服务，推动人工智能环境下唐诗知识管理和知识服务方式的创新。[方法/过程]本文在对领域知识服务需求调研的基础上，设计领域知识服务驱动的唐诗本体模型，然后利用从Web上爬取的多源异构数据，采用知识抽取、知识融合、知识推理等技术自动构建唐诗知识图谱，统一表示和组织唐诗领域数据，实现对大规模唐诗数据的语义化处理。[结果/结论]本文设计基于唐诗知识图谱的智能知识服务平台KnowPoetry，提供唐诗领域的知识探索、时空轨迹、语义查询等智能化知识服务，推动人工智能环境下唐诗数字人文研究方法的创新转型。  相似文献   

互联网背景下微课与大学武术课堂教学的融合研究     

闫晓鹏  陈维富  王光军  周龙峰  刘朝霞  张宗程  李林 《中华武术(研究)》2020,(1):92-96

采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,以信息技术为手段,以微课与高校大学武术课堂教学为研究对象,在界定微课的定义、典型特征的基础上,探讨开发武术微课必要性,明确开发制作高质量微课的五大要点(确定武术微课的选题,高精尖的设备和制作技术,教师的专业水平,素材的收集整合,微课设计微而全),并对实现微课与大学武术课堂相融合进行了理论分析并得出结论。本研究旨在为武术课程资源的新开发以及武术教学质量的提高提供可操作性的新思路。  相似文献   

Applications of electrowetting-on-dielectric (EWOD) technology for droplet digital PCR     

Xichuan Rui  Shuren Song  Wei Wang  Jia Zhou 《Biomicrofluidics》2020,14(6)

Digital microfluidics is an elegant technique based on single droplets for the design, composition, and manipulation of microfluidic systems. In digital microfluidics, especially in the electrowetting on dielectric (EWOD) system, each droplet acts as an independent reactor, which enables a wide range of multiple parallel biological and chemical reactions at the microscale. EWOD digital microfluidics reduces reagent and energy consumption, accelerates analysis, enables point-of-care diagnostic, simplifies integration with sensors, etc. Such a digital microfluidic system is especially relevant for droplet digital PCR (ddPCR), thanks to its nanoliter droplets and well-controlled volume distribution. At low DNA concentration, these small volumes allow less than one DNA strand per droplet on average (limited dilution) so that after a fixed number of PCR cycles (endpoint PCR), only the DNA in droplets containing the sequence of interest has been amplified and can be detected by fluorescence to yield an accurate count of the sequences of interest using statistical models. Focusing on ddPCR, this article summarizes the latest development and research on EWOD technology for droplet PCR over the last decade.  相似文献   

Impact of combining data from multiple instruments on performance of patient-based real-time quality control     

Qianqian Zhou  Tze Ping Loh  Tony Badrick  Chun Yee Lim 《Biochemia medica : ?asopis Hrvatskoga dru?tva medicinskih biokemi?ara / HDMB》2021,31(2)

IntroductionIt is unclear what is the best strategy for applying patient-based real-time quality control (PBRTQC) algorithm in the presence of multiple instruments. This simulation study compared the error detection capability of applying PBRTQC algorithms for instruments individually and in combination using serum sodium as an example.Materials and methodsFour sets of random serum sodium measurements were generated with differing means and standard deviations to represent four simulated instruments. Moving median with winsorization was selected as the PBRTQC algorithm. The PBRTQC parameters (block size and control limits) were optimized and applied to the four simulated laboratory data sets individually and in combination.ResultsWhen the PBRTQC algorithm were individually optimized and applied to the data of the individual simulated instruments, it was able to detect bias several folds faster than when they were combined. Similarly, the individually applied algorithms had perfect error detection rates across different magnitudes of bias, whereas the error detection rates of the algorithm applied on the combined data missed smaller biases. The performance of the individually applied PBRTQC algorithm performed more consistently among the simulated instruments compared to when the data were combined.DiscussionWhile combining data from different instruments can increase the data stream and hence, increase the speed of error detection, it may widen the control limits and compromising the probability of error detection. The presence of multiple instruments in the data stream may dilute the effect of the error when it only affects a selected instrument.  相似文献   

Wearable skin-like optoelectronic systems with suppression of motion artifacts for cuff-less continuous blood pressure monitor     

Haicheng Li  Yinji Ma  Ziwei Liang  Zhouheng Wang  Yu Cao  Yuan Xu  Hua Zhou  Bingwei Lu  Ying Chen  Zhiyuan Han  Shisheng Cai  Xue Feng 《国家科学评论(英文版)》2020,7(5):849

According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, an estimated 17.9 million people die from cardiovascular diseases each year, representing 31% of all global deaths. Continuous non-invasive arterial pressure (CNAP) is essential for the management of cardiovascular diseases. However, it is difficult to achieve long-term CNAP monitoring with the daily use of current devices due to irritation of the skin as well as the lack of motion artifacts suppression. Here, we report a high-performance skin-like optoelectronic system integrated with ultra-thin flexible circuits to monitor CNAP. We introduce a theoretical model via the virtual work principle for predicting the precise blood pressure and suppressing motion artifacts, and propose optical difference in the frequency domain for stable optical measurements in terms of skin-like devices. We compare the results with the blood pressure acquired by invasive (intra-arterial) blood pressure monitoring for >1500 min in total on 44 subjects in an intensive care unit. The maximum absolute errors of diastolic and systolic blood pressure were ±7/±10 mm Hg, respectively, in immobilized, and ±10/±14 mm Hg, respectively, in walking scenarios. These strategies provide advanced blood pressure monitoring techniques, which would directly address an unmet clinical need or daily use for a highly vulnerable population.  相似文献   

“健康中国2030”战略下健康数据协同治理体系研究     

周知  胡昌平 《图书情报工作》2021,65(1):102-109

[目的/意义] 提升公民健康水平是经济社会发展到一定程度后的必然要求，健康数据协同治理体系的构建有助于从信息科学角度达成这一要求，治理体系需要以国家战略为宏观指导，全方位服务于公民健康水平提升的总体目标。[方法/过程] 通过对《"健康中国2030"规划纲要》文本精神的领会，在分析了各治理主体对健康信息治理需求的基础上，提出一种面向"健康中国2030"战略的健康数据协同治理体系，并针对关键环节提出保障措施。[结果/结论] 协调各层级、各部门与各利益主体的健康数据治理体系构建与保障，有助于在推动国家健康战略目标的同时实现健康数据的社会价值，拓展健康信息学的研究范畴。  相似文献   

过年的仪式     

周游 《寻根》2020,(1):132-137

“二十三糖瓜粘,二十四扫房子,二十五磨豆腐,二十六割年肉,二十七宰公鸡,二十八把面发,二十九蒸馒头,三十儿晚上熬一宿,大年初一访亲友,大年初二祭先祖,初三初四逛庙会,十五晚上街上走。”这首民谣十分形象地道出了往昔的年俗和年味。如今好日子,天天像过年,但是没有“过了腊八就是年”的感觉,就是没有“年味”。为什么?窃以为,这是因为我们过年已经没有仪式感了,或者说我们已经忘却了过年的那些仪式。  相似文献